[东北师范大学]2019年春季《英语写作（一）》离线考核（答案）
离线作业考核《英语写作（一）》
满分100分
Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph (共20分)
The following passage is incomplete with the concluding
paragraph missing.Study the passage carefully and write the missing
paragraph of about 100 words.Make sure that the tone and vocabulary
you.use are in unity with the passage provided.
Manners Are Important
As one looks about,it becomes very easy to conclude that good
manners seem to be a thing of the past.More and more people seem to
be discourteous to one another,more indicative of a “survival of the
fittest” attitude than of living in a civilized society.Although
much of what was considered good manners at the turn of the last
century may no longer be appropriate,common courtesy and acceptable
behavior are still necessary to make life pleasant,especially as our
cities become more and more crowded.Although common courtesy is the
underlying framework,good manners are manifested in two distinct
aresa,business and social relationships.
The world of business has become increasingly impersonal over
the years.The fast developement of computers has removed the
personal touch from many business dealings.It is not uncommon,when
phoning a company,to get a recorded message telling us which number
to press.When we finally do get a live person on the other end,he
often seems uncaring.Good business sense,though,would dictate the
importance of getting back to the personal touch.The speaker should
identify himself by name to the caller and make every effort to be
courteous and helpful.Above all,he should take great pains to assure
the call is not disconnected.In addition,he should make certain that
the caller is connected to his party and not kept waiting long while
listening to canned music.Good manners will assure happy,loyal
customers.
Good manners are,perhaps,most frequently associated with
socialrelationships.
Unfortunately,here again they seem to be in decline.Giving up one's
seat on a crowded bus to an elderly person,a pregnant woman,or an
obviously tired person seems to be a thing of the past.People also
seem to have forgotten how to behave as an audience.It is not
uncommon to see people putting their feet up on the seats in front
of them or talking loudly during a movie or play.Even restaurants
are not immune from the lack of good manners.Young parents do not
seem to care that their children are roaming throughout the
restaurant or are crying and disturbing the other guests.These
examples touch only the surface of the rapid decline of good
manners.
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Ⅱ.Write an outline (共20 分)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline”
for it.
The Effects of Television on Children's Social Relations
TV presents the child with a distorted definition of
reality.The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western
town exists within his own limited reality.His experience with
social problems or people of different races,religions,or
nationalities is probably somewhat limited.As television exposes him
to a diversity of people and ideas,it surely expands the boundaries
of his reality.It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV
to define other realities for him that we must examine carefully
what those images are.If they are inaccurate or distorted,then
television's reality is potentially harmful.
TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and
omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way.It
portrays some categories of people with beauty,power and importance
and renders others weak,helpless or invisible.So serious is the
relative invisibility of some groups on TV that Dr.George Gerbner of
the Annenberg School of Communications contends,“If you're not on
TV,you don't exist.”
The TV camera selects certain images to be examples,sometimes
functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in
civilization instead of the best.When TV producers focus on violent
ugliness,they lift it out and hold it up for all to see,making it
impressively larger than life.A fist fight that occurs outside my
window and is witnessed by only five people may be
videotaped,broadcast and “witnessed” vicariously by millions of
people ,thus multiplying the example set by the fist fighters.In the
United States,most people have not witnessed murder,yet because of
television most childrenhave seen hundreds of thousands of violent
deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it
actually is.
TV says,in effect:This is the way the world works.There are the
rules.The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or
glorified,and so believed and accepted as models to be copied.After
TV heavily promoted Evel Knievel's attempt to “fly” his motorcycle
over the Snake River,many children imitated his stunts with their
bicycles on homemade ramps.And many landed in hospitals.
TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by
influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for
ourselves and others.Too frequently stereotypes provide us with
instant difinitions.The stereotype assigns to an individual
characteristics associated with a group that may or may not be
accurate.We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in
the details from a storehouse of stereotypes.
Via TV's stereotypes we see men as strong and active,women
pretty and at home.All to frequently,minorities are cast in
exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped roles,more as white male
producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive
themselves.
Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily influence
viewers' behavior toward unfamiliar people.TV images,in fact,teach
values and behaviors,especially to children who have little
firsthand knowledge of the real world.To the extent that children
are exposed to certain characters' portrayals and behaviors on
TV,they may acquire or learn those behaviors and roles and
eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and
actions.
Perhaps most serious are the effects of information distortions on
the child's self-image.At some level we begin to judge our own
meaning,dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characters who
portray people like us.We should be fully aware that there
inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to children's
growth.
Ⅲ.Composition (共60分)
Teachers pay little attention to those school failures,assuming that
academic failure means failure in everything.What do you think of
this attitude?Write a short argumentative essay(about 300 words)
explaining your view.
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